Sloping Off - June 2004

Building
by Andrew Tubb
(being a version of the talk Andrew gave us at the April Club meeting)

There are many methods of doing the same thing. Some involve traditional materials;- balsa, tissue and dope, which are fine in the right model, but put a motor in a model or push the limits of that glider and down it'll come, gutted you will be. The only hope is a friendly voice to say 'sorry to see that happen, perhaps if you try balsa and a polyester cover such as Solafilm, (as you're starting Solafilm is half the price and just as easy as Profilm).

So the task at hand, and this isn't trying to teach you more seasoned flyers to suck eggs, but maybe something in all of this will give you something new to think about, an alternative, or like me the solution to a puzzle that's been holding up a build and and you've been afraid to ask. We've all been there maybe not recently, but I'll bet if we're honest.

There are bucket loads of "short cuts" to building a model, each of which has to be considered on it's own merit, simply because of structural intergrity, weight and application for the task in hand. One short cut to lighter weight fuzes is to make a ply from cross grain 1/32" or 1/16" balsa sheet. As long as the former isn't load bearing i.e. near wing securing nut position or motor bulkhead, you can save nearly 50% of the finished weight of the formers.

Alternatives to balsa dope tissue...

Balsa on it's own, is for the best part  weak as a building material which is why we put formers, cross grain sheet on fuz bottoms and amounts of ply where it doesn't show, mostly. If you're planning to use ply, cut plenty of lighteners so that you only have wood where it needs to be, or the weight will shoot up so quickly.  But ply is marvellous and used sparingly can enhance a model strucurally and aesthetically.

Pay attention to what you're doing and try the fit of every part before gluing because if you are using super glue it's too late already, and the thin stuff goes a lot further than you think, especially on harder balsa where it doesn't soak in so quickly, but it will find your fingers. Be careful with hardwoods as it won't always work as fast or well. PVA or epoxy may be needed. When gluing harder materials like epoxy sheet or spruce, it pays to provide a key for the glue, usually a gentle sanding with 320 grit will do.

As time has gone on I've learnt that a kit is a good way to start. After reading the plan review and checking the drawing, discussing with your club instructor it's suitability, and even then still determined to proceed, go and select your radio gear. This is to ensure you can get it all in and where it needs to be relative to the control surface or function it's there for. Also if you're doing a conversion from glow power it's good to know that you can get your battery in/out to change/charge packs. it's no good converting a model to electric then finding it's so weak in a critical area because you've had to remove 2/3 of the load bearing formers. Load bearing formers are there to take the loads and stresses of the propulsion, power supply and primary flying surfaces, i.e the wings. It's all well and good losing 50% of the structural weight of a glow to E flight conversion, but if during even a basic manouver the wind catches you side- ways and the wings fold it's a bit of waste of effort.  If this is one of yor first scratch builds then material selection can be as much of a challenge as the construction itself. Get help here as I've been lucky up until now, never having had someone tell me the best way to grade balsa I've always gone by what I think is right, and what I've read. One detail I have learnt is that speckled grain balsa is good for wing ribs. Adhesives are another questionable subject in so far as traditional or modern glues, and then there's epoxy.... So, traditional. Throw out most of them and use mainly P.V.A, buy a good quality one of these as a little can go a long way and most cheaper versions go rubbery rather than off, which means when sanding a wing skin can leave you with a peculiar ridge at the glue joint. P.V.A is good for skinning wings and fuzes to give shuffle time. Don't over clamp a glue joint as you could end up with glue starved joints, which give out at the most inappropriate of times. Aliphatic, never gotten around to using this although I know I should do. When dry, it forms a very sandable joint. Superglues are all much the same brand wise. The differance being in viscosity, how runny, which relates to how fast the stuff sets. A critical point to consider in building is that only low odour is safe to use on foam, any other type will melt foam. Cyano is great for quick building if you've cut your kit. As long as you've spent time accurately cutting formers, ribs, spars and the crutch for the fuz, then laid it out accurately on your bulding board, you can assemble and glue the main part of your model in the time it takes for the kettle to boil. Good close joints are critical for use with supaglues. you can get away with less than perfect joints with P.V.A, but let's not get into bad habits at the start. If while using superglue you need a fillet, to impart a little extra strength, but not weight then you could try balsa dust packed fairly tightly into a corner and a few small drops of thin supa glu. Works for me, and it's cheaper than micro balloons.

Epoxy is great for strength, but heavy in use, so only where nescessary and very sparingly. Motor mounts, battery trays wing joints and bandages, and undercarriage mounting plates. Those of you who have used resin before know that it comes in a range of setting speeds, from 5 minutes to 24 hours, and different viscosities, how runnny is it. Runny resin can be made runnier by warming the resin and hardener depending on type, at the expense of reduced cure time, because as we know most resins give off heat as a by product of the curing process. Later on you will probably use it for glass skinning wings or a fuselage, but caution here as epoxy and polyester resins don't bond well to each other. Another point worthy of note is that polyester resin shrinks as it hardens. There are also several types of fibreglass tissue and cloth, from your chopped strand to your finishing tissue. There could be a whole evenings worth of fibreglass technique stuff, and there are people as knowledgable about it so I don't have to monopolise.

 

 

Since starting to write this article I've had experiance of aliphatic. It's brilliant stuff... The only things I can say are;- Wipe excessive glue off joints, this stuff dries quickly, and don't try to plane dried excess glue away, sand carefully and blow out dust regularily to avoid waste getting in under the sand paper and scratching the heck out of the surface you're trying to clean up. I'm embarrased to say that's the voice of unfortunate experience talking. Having said that;- like most silly mistakes,- you only tend to do it once...You hope.

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